Growing up in Nigeria, it’s important for every child to understand their rights to ensure they are safe, happy, and develop in a nurturing environment. These rights are enshrined not only in the Nigerian constitution but also in international treaties like the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
1. The Right to LifeEvery child has the right to life, meaning no one should cause you harm or put you in danger. The government of Nigeria, your family, and the community are responsible for ensuring your safety and protection.
2. The Right to EducationAs a child in Nigeria, you are entitled to free and compulsory basic education. Education is crucial for your development and orientation. No one should deny you the opportunity to pursue education, and it is the duty of the authorities to ensure you receive a good education.
3. The Right to HealthYou have the right to good healthcare, which includes access to hospitals, doctors, medicines, and clean water. To maintain your health, you should receive immunizations and treatment for any illnesses. The state and your guardians are responsible for meeting all your health needs and keeping you secure and well.
4. The Right to Protection from Harm You have the right to be protected from abuse, cruelty, neglect, and exploitation. No one should cause you physical or psychological harm. Whether at home, school, or elsewhere, you should always feel safe. If you are being hurt, you can tell trusted adults, the police, or child protection agencies.
Every Nigerian child has the right to live free from violence, exploitation, and abuse, this is what “The Convention on the Rights of the Child” states in every protocol worldwide. The 4 Ps in Safeguarding are – Prevention, Proportionality, Protection and Partnership.These laws was created to protect Nigerian children from violation.This guide will help you understand your basic rights as a child and what they promise you in Nigeria.
5. Participation and Involvement your voice matters. You have the right to express your opinions and be involved in decisions that affect you at home, school, or in society. While you may not always get what you want, adults should listen to your suggestions and consider your feelings.
6. The Right to a Name and Nationality every child should be recognized as an individual with a name, gender, and nationality. From birth, you should be given a name, a place of birth, and Nigerian citizenship. These fundamental rights help ensure your identity and security.
7. Laws to Protect Children
1. Child Rights Act (CRA) of 2003The Child Rights Act (CRA) of 2003 is a Nigerian law that protects children’s rights, in line with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. It provides constitutional guarantees to protect children from abuse and neglect.
2. States Adopting the CRAWhile the CRA is a national law, not all Nigerian states have adopted it. Currently, 24 out of 36 states have implemented the CRA as state law, ensuring its provisions are applied.
3. Penalties for Offences Against Child Rights in Nigeria
The CRA outlines punishments for those who violate children’s rights:
Physical Child Abuse or Neglect: Offenders can face up to 14 years in prison.
Buying or Trafficking in Children:This offense is punishable by life imprisonment.
Using Children as Labor: Offenders can be fined and face up to 10 years in prison.
Marriage of a Child: Offenders may face 5 years in prison or be fined for marrying a child or aiding in the marriage of a child.
Utilization of Children for Sexual Purposes: Perpetrators found guilty of child sexual abuse can face the death penalty.
These penalties are designed to protect children and ensure their rights are upheld in Nigeria.
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